第PAGE\*Arabic\*MERGEFORMAT10页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT10页北京文化演讲稿beijingculture金融1101马雪飞introductionbeijingisanancientcitywithalonghistory.backin3000yearsagoinzhoudynasty，beijing，whichwascalledjiatthemoment，hadbeennamedcapitalofyan.thereafter，liao，jin，yuan，mingandqingdynastyallmadebeijingtheircapital.therefore，beijingwasfamousfor"capitalofathousandyears".thelonghistoryleavesbeijingpreciousculturaltreasure.traditionalbeijingculturethebestrepresentativesforbeijingarethehutongsandsquarecourtyards.throughhundredsofyears，theyhavebecomesymbolofbeijing'slifesiheyuan（四合院）astandardsiheyuanusuallyconsistsofhousesonitsfoursidesprotectedbyhighwallswithayardinthecenter.thegatesareusuallypaintedredandhavelargecopperdoorrings.'si'meansfour，whichherereferstothefoursides;eastwestsouthandnorth'he'referstothesurroundingmeaningthefoursidescircleintoasquare.duetoit'sspeciallayoutit'scomparedtoaboxwithagardeninthecenter.thereisonlyonegateleadingtoahutong，sowhenthegateisclosedthecourtyardlossestouchwiththeoutsideworld.thereforefamilymemberscanfullyenjoytranquilityandsharethehappinessofapeacefulfamilyunion.usually，awholefamilylivesincompound.theeldergenerationlivesinthemainhousestandingatthenorthend，theyoungergenerationsandguestsliveintheeasternandwesternsidehouses，andthesouthhouseisusuallythefamilysittingroomorstudy.hutong（胡同）hutongfirstappearedinbeijingduringtheyuandynasty，mostoftoday’shutongwereformedduringthemingandqingdynastiesthatfollowed.thenarrowstreetsbetweenthesiheyuanarecalled"hutong"s.hutongisthecommonnameofsmalllanesinbeijing.oldpeoplesaythat"thereare360hutongswithnameswithoutnamesarecountless.therearemorethan5000hutongsinbeijingtheyarebasicallykeepingthelayoutofmingdynasty.thewidesthavemorethan30metersandthenarrowestlessthan1meters.inbeijingyoucanfindvarioushutongswithdifferentlengths，shapesordirectionstheextremityofhutongs北京胡同之最thelongest：dongjiuaominxiang，3000meters最长的胡同：东交民巷theshortest：chidajie，25.23meters最短的胡同：尺大街thebroadest：lingjinghutong，thebroadest32.18meters最