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5THEPAULBERNARDOCASETheScarboroughRapesTheMurderofTammyHomolkaTheSt.Catherine'sSexualAssaultSeriesTheInvestigationofPaulBernardo:TimeandWeightofEvidenceTheBernardoInvestigationReviewReferencesInthesimilarcasesI'mlookingatexamplesoftaskforcebreakdown,thesecondoneisthePaulBernardocase,whichdraggedonforaboutfiveyearseventhoughtheCanadianauthoritieshadthenameofthekillerintheirfiles.Theyalsohadthekiller'sDNA,andtherewerelivingwitnesseswhohadbeenrapedbyBernardowhohadgivendescriptionsofthesuspecttothepolice.ThebreakdownofthetaskforcesystemintheBernardocase,likethebreakdownofthetaskforcesystemintheYorkshireRippercase,wassoextensive,thatitpromptedanofficialreviewoftheinvestigationtofindoutwhatwentwrongandwhatcouldbedoneaboutit(CampbellandArchie,1996).Thebestandclearestdescriptionoftheproblemissetforthintheintroductiontothe1996Bernardocasereportitselfwhichsays:BetweenMay1987andDecember1992,PaulBernardorapedorsexuallyassaultedatleast18womeninScarborough,Peel,andSt.Catharine'sandkilledthreewomeninSt.Catharine'sandBurHngton.PaulBernardoisauniquetypeofcriminal,adetermined,organized,mobile,sadisticserialrapistandkillerwhodemonstratestheabilityofsuchpredatorstostrikeinanyOntariocommunityThetragichistoryofthiscase,andsimilar113114ROBERTD.KEPPELANDWILLIAMJ.BIRNEScasesfromothercountries,showsthatthesepredatorsposeauniquechallengetothesystemicinvestigativecapacityoflocallaw-enforcementagenciesthroughoutNorthAmericaandEurope.TheBernardocaseprovesthatOntarioisnoexception.TheBernardocase,likeeverysimilarinvestigationhaditsshareofhumanerror.Butthisisnotastoryofhumanerrororlackofdedicationorinvestigativeskill.Itisastoryofsystemicfailure.Itiseasy,knowingnowthatBernardowastherapistandthekiller,toaskwhyhewasnotidentifiedearlierforwhathewas.Butthesamequestionandthesameproblemshaveariseninsomanyothersimilartragediesinothercountries.Virtuallyeveryinterjurisdictionalserialkillercase,includingSutcliffe(TheYorkshireRipper)andBlack(thecross-borderchi