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AppliedThermalEngineeringVol.18,No.5,pp.301±316,1998#1998PublishedbyElsevierScienceLtd.AllrightsreservedPrintedinGreatBritainPII:S1359-4311(97)00055-01359-4311/98$19.00+0.00COMPONENTSHEATTRANSFERSTUDIESINALOWHEATREJECTIONDIDIESELENGINEUSINGAHYBRIDTHERMOSTRUCTURALFINITEELEMENTMODELC.D.RakopoulosandG.C.MavropoulosInternalCombustionEnginesLaboratory,ThermalEngineeringSection,MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens,42PatissionStr.,Athens10682,Greece(Received10June1997)AbstractÐThedevelopmentofahybridthree-dimensional®niteelementthermostructuralmodelispre-sentedinthiswork,whichisusedtostudythebehaviourofvariouscombustionchamberinsulationcon®gurationsofafour-stroke,directinjection(DI),dieselengineonitsperformance,componentstem-peratures,andheat¯uxesundervarioussteadyoperatingconditions.Themodelincorporatesacompre-hensivethermodynamicenginecyclesimulationmodelincombinationwithadetailedstructuralanalysismodel.Separaterepresentationofthevarioussubregionsofeachcomponent,eectedbythehybridmodel,makesitpossibleforthequantitativeestimationoftheeectofcontactresistancesandincludedairgapsontheamountofheatrejectedtothecombustionchamberwalls.Connectionbetweentheresulting®niteelementsubmodelsattheinterfaceofanytwosubregionsisaccomplishedthroughappropriateuseoftheheatbalancemethod.Forthispurpose,aniterativeprocedureisdeveloped,whichiscapableofovercomingnumericalinstabilitiesoccuringduringconvergenceevenforthemostdicultcaseofthethree-dimensional®niteelementanalysis.Themodelisappliedfortwoofthemostcommonlyusedengineinsulationcon®gurations,i.e.plasmasprayedzirconiaandsiliconnitridemono-lithicdesigns.Thecomplexheat¯owpathsthroughthevariouscombustionchambercomponentsareanalysedandthecorrespondingtemperaturedistributionsarepresented.Asatisfactorydegreeofagree-mentisfoundbetweentheoreticalpredictionsandexperimentalmeasurementsfortheuninsulatedengine,thuscon®rmingthemodel'svalidity.Furthermore,theuninsulatedenginedatacase(baselinec
