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EmploymentDiscriminationPlaintiffsinFederalCourt:FromBadtoWorse?KevinM.Clermont&StewartJ.Schwab*ThisarticleusesdatafromtheAdministrativeOfficeoftheUnitedStatesCourtstoconveytherealitiesoffederalemploymentdiscriminationlitigation.Litigantsinthese“jobs”casesappealmoreoftenthanotherlitigants,withthedefendantsdoingfarbetteronappealthantheplaintiffs.Thesetroublesomefactsmighthelpexplainwhytodaymanyfewerplaintiffsareundertakingthefrustratingrouteintofederaldistrictcourt,where,relativelyoften,plaintiffsmustpursuetheirclaimsallthewaythroughtrial,andwhere,atbothpretrialandtrial,theseplaintiffslosemoreoftenthanotherfederalplaintiffs.INTRODUCTIONFiveyearsagowesurveyedhowemploymentdiscriminationplaintiffsfaredinfederalcourt.1Wewroteinsummarythattheyhaveatoughrowtohoe.Comparedtootherplaintiffs,theymanagefewerresolutionsearlyinlitigation,andsotheyhavetoproceedtotrialmoreoften.Theywinalowerproportionofcasesduringpretrialandattrial.Then,moreoftheirsuccessfulcasesundergoappeal.Onappeal,theyhaveahardertimebothinupholdingtheirsuccessesandinreversingadverseoutcomes.Thistoughtalewasanimportantstoryforseveralobviousreasons.Forone,employmentdiscriminationcases,theso-calledjobscategory,hadcometoconstituteaverybigfractionofthefederalcivildocket.Suchcasesthenreignedasthelargestsinglecategoryoffederalcivilcases,atnearlytenpercentofthatdocket.*ClermontisFlanaganProfessorofLaw,CornellUniversity;SchwabisAllanR.TesslerDeanandProfessorofLaw,CornellUniversity.TheywouldliketothankJohnDonohue,PeterSiegelman,andNicoleWatersfortheircomments.1KevinM.Clermont&StewartJ.Schwab,HowEmploymentDiscriminationPlaintiffsFareinFederalCourt,1J.EMPIRICALLEGALSTUD.429(2004);seealsoKevinM.Clermontetal.,HowEmployment-DiscriminationPlaintiffsFareintheFederalCourtsofAppeals,7EMPLOYEERTS.&EMP.POL’YJ.547(2003).4HarvardLaw&PolicyReview[Vol.3Inthisarticle,weupdatethetale,againbyusinggovernmentaldatabutnowusingfivemoreyearsofdata.2Thenewdatashowthatthingshaveindeedchangedinemployment
