编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第PAGE26页共NUMPAGES26页第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT26页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT26页HYPERLINK""HYPERLINK"nshu.cn/"物料科学MaterialScience物料科学定义MaterialScienceDefinition加工性能Machinability强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion&resistancedurability金属特性Specialmetallicfeatures抗敏感及环境保护Allergic,re-cycling&environmentalprotection化学元素Chemicalelement元素的原子序数AtomofElements原子及固体物质Atomandsolidmaterial原子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表Thesize,mass,chargeofanatom,andisparticles(Pronton,NentronandElectron)原子的组织图AtomConstitutes周期表PeriodicTable原子键结AtomBonding金属与合金MetalandAlloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous&NonFerrousMetal金属的特性FeaturesofMetal晶体结构CrystalPattern晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格Crystalstructure,Spacelattice&UnitcellX线结晶分析法X–raycrystalanalyicsmethod金属结晶格子Metalspacelattice格子常数Latticeconstant米勒指数Mill'sIndex金相及相律MetalPhaseandPhaseRule固熔体Solidsolution置换型固熔体Substitutionaltypesolidsolution插入型固熔体Interstitalsolidsolution金属间化物Intermetalliccompound金属变态Transformation变态点TransformationPoint磁性变态MagneticTransformation同素变态AllotropicTransformation合金平衡状态ThermalEquilibrium相律PhaseRule自由度Degreeoffreedom临界温度Criticaltemperture共晶Eutectic包晶温度PeritecticTemperature包晶反应PeritecticReaction包晶合金PeritecticAlloy亚共晶体HypoeuteticAlloy过共晶体Hyper-ectecticAlloy金属的相融、相融温度、晶体反应及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反应的比较EquilibriumComparision金属塑性PlasticDeformation滑动面SlipPlan畸变Distortion硬化WorkHardening退火Annealing回复柔软CrystalRecovery再结晶Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验Properties&testingofmetal化学性能ChemicalProperties物理性能PhysicalProperties颜色Colour磁性Magnetisum比电阻Specificresistivity&specificresistance比重Specificgravity&specificdensity比热SpecificHeat热膨胀系数Coefficientofthermalexpansion导热度Heatconductivity机械性能Mechanicalproperties屈服强度(降伏强度)(Yieldstrangth)弹性限度、阳氏弹性系数及屈服点elasticlimit,Yeung'smoduleofelasticitytoyieldpoint伸长度Elongation断面缩率Reductionofarea金属材料的试验方法TheMethodofMetalinspection不破坏检验Non–destructiveinspections渗透探伤法Penetrateinspection磁粉探伤法Magneticparticleinspection