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法律英语考试：ExecutiveArticleIIentruststothePresidentoftheUnitedStatestheexecutivePower.“UnderPresidentGeorgeWashington（1789-1801），theentireexecutivebranchconsistedofthePresident，VicePresident，andtheDepartmentsofState，Treasury，War，andJustice.Asthenationgrew，theexecutivebranchgrewwithit.Todaythereare15Cabinet-levelDepartments.EachhousesanumberofBureaus，Agencies，andotherentities.StillotherpartsoftheexecutivebranchlieoutsidetheseDepartments.AllexerciseexecutivepowerdelegatedbythePresidentandthusareresponsibleultimatelytohim.Insomeareas，therelationshipbetweentheexecutiveandtheothertwobranchesisclear.Supposeoneormoreindividualsrobabank.Congresshaspassedastatutecriminalizingbankrobbery（UnitedStatesCode，Title18，Section2113*）。TheFederalBureauofInvestigation（FBI），abureauwithintheDepartmentofJustice，wouldinvestigatethecrime.Whenitapprehendedoneormoresuspects，aFederalProsecutor（alsoDepartmentofJustice）wouldattempttoprovethesuspectsguiltinatrialconductedbyU.S.DistrictCourt.Thebankrobberycaseisasimpleone.Butasthenationmodernizedandgrew，therelationshipofthethreebrancheswithinthelegalsystemevolvedtoaccommodatethemorecomplexissuesofindustrialandpost-industrialsociety.Theroleoftheexecutivebranchchangedmostofall.Inthebankrobberyexample，Congressneededlittleornospecialexpertisetocraftastatutethatcriminalizedbankrobbery.Supposeinsteadthatlawmakerswishedtobandangerousdrugsfromthemarketplace，orrestricttheamountofunhealthfulpollutantsintheair.Congresscould，ifitchose，specifyprecisedefinitionsoftheseterms.Sometimesitdoesso，butincreasinglyCongressinsteaddelegatesaportionofitsauthoritytoadministrativeagencieshousedintheexecutivebranch.TheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）thuswatchesoverthepurityofthenationsfoodandpharmaceuticalsandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）regulateshowindustriesimpacttheearth，water，andair.AlthoughagenciespossessonlypowersthatCongressdelegatesbystatute，thesecanbequitesubstantial.Theycanincludetheauthoritytopromulgaterulesthatdefinewithprecisionmoregeneralstatutoryterms.Al
