英语笔记：虚拟语气语法自学1)概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2)在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。16.1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1)在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。16.2非真实条件句1)时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.16.3混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,www.mekkong.com,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).16.4虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词’be’的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题_____todoth