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PAGE2/NUMPAGES2职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练SleepLossandItsEffectsMentalfatiguecanbeasthreateningasaheartattack.Recentevidenceindicatesthatsleepinessisaleadingcauseoftrafficandindustrialaccidents.Humanerrorcausesbetween60%and90%ofallworkplaceaccidents,dependingonthetypeofjob,observesbiologicalpsychologistDavidDingesoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Andinadequatesleepisamajorfactorinhumanerror.Otherresearchsuggeststhatsleeplosscontributestoeverythingfromdrugabusetopoorgradesinschool.Atypicaladultneedsabouteighthoursofshuteyeanighttofunctioneffectively.Bythatstandard,millionsofAmericansareforalongtimesleepdeprived,tryingtogetbyonsixhoursorevenless.Inmanyhousehold,cheatingonsleephasbecomeanunconsciousandharmfulhabit.Initsmildform,itswatchingTedKoppelandgoingtobedlateandthengettingupearlytogettothegym,saysCornellsPollak.Inextremecasespeoplestayupmostofthenight,seeingholylittlesleepwillkeepthemgoing.Theytrytocompensatebysleepinglateonweekends,butthatmakesupforonlypartoftheshortfall.Overthemonthsandyears,someresearchersbelieve,theimbalancebuildsupand.theeffectsaccumulate.MostAmericansnolongerknowwhatitfeelsliketobefullyalert,contendsDr.WilliamDement,directorofStanfordUniversitysSleepCenter.
