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形态学(morphology)形位(morpheme)形位的类型形位的类型依附形位的类型英语的屈折形位英语形位分类图形位和语素形位和语素形位的界定构词的层级结构派生词构词的层级结构歧义词缀（affix)前缀中缀后缀环缀其他的构词方法其他的构词方法语言的词素类型句法学研究的范围语序类型递归乔姆斯基对句法学的贡献树形图能够标志：SNPVPVNPDetNShelikesthatdressSNPVPVNPJohniloveshimselfi结构歧义语迹（trace）Youwanttogo?Youwannago?“wantto=>wanna”Whichhorsedoyouwanttowin?[歧义]Whichhorsedoyouwannawin?[非歧义]*Whichhorsedoyouwannawintherace?Whichhorsedoyouwantttowintherace?花园小径句花园小径句Thehorseracedpastthebarnfell.Thehorse(thatwas)racedpastthebarnfell.Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Whatdoesthemanwhohuntsdoonweekends?Heducksoutonweekends.ThecottonclothingisusuallymadeofgrowsinMississippi.Wheredotheygrowthecottonthatthatclothingisusuallymadeof?TheygrowitinMississippi.Fatpeopleeataccumulates.Thefatthatpeopleeataccumulates.
