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1.BritshhighereducationUScopare英国高等教育英国5.HighereducationLongHistoryOxfordandCambridgedatefromthe12thand13thcentury.StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeeninthe14thand15thcentury.Therestin19thand20thcenturyTypesofDegreeAthree-levelhierarchyofdegrees(Bachelor,Master,Doctor)iscurrentlyusedintheUK.TheBritishBachelorsDegreetypicallytakesthreeyearstocomplete.Thisisdifferentfrommanyothercountriesthattypicallytakefouryears.ThemainreasonisthatUKstudents(exceptinScotland)spendayearlongerinHighSchoolthaninmanycountries.Asaresult,theyhavealreadycoveredalotofthematerialtypicallytaughtinthefirstyearatuniversityinothercountries.ThisisthereasonwhymanyinternationalstudentswillrequireanInternationalFoundationProgrambeforeprogressingontothefirstyearofaUKdegree.TypesofUndergraduateDegreeinclude:BSc(BachelorofScience),BA(BachelorofArts),BEng(BachelorofEngineering).AMastersdegreetakesaminimumofoneyeartocomplete.TypesofMastersDegree:MSc(MasterofScience),MA(MasterofArts),MEd(MasterofEducation),MBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).Afterusuallythreeyears’furtherstudybeyondtheMaster’sDegree,thecandidatemaypresentathesisfortheDoctorateofPhilosophy(Ph.D.).AlldoctoratesgrantedbyBritishuniversitiesareresearchdoctorates.FamousGroupsofUniversitiesOneisthe“RedBrick”groupcomprisingthesixuniversitiesintheindustrialcitiesofBirmingham,Bristol,Leeds,Manchester,LiverpoolandSheffield.ThesewerefoundedintheVictorianeraandachieveduniversitystatuspriortoWorldWarII.Thefocusonpracticality（实践性）.ThereisalsothecollaborationoftwentyBritishuniversitiestoformthe“RussellGroup”whichcorrespondstothe“IvyLeague”intheUnitedStates.Themembersinclude:UniversityofCambridge,UniversityofOxford,UniversityofBirmingham,UniversityofBristol,CardiffUniversity,UniversityofEdinburgh,UniversityofGlasgow,etc.TheOpenUniversity―foundedinthe1960’sforpeoplewhomightnotgettheopportunityforhighereducationforeconomicandsocialreasons.―It’sopentoeverybodyanddoesn’tdemandthesameformaleducationalqualificationsasth
