2.doing作宾语(bīnyǔ).否定(fǒudìng)形式notdoingIamsorryfornothavingkeptmypromise定语状语补语(bǔyǔ)（注意这三者都是看与所修饰词的主动、被动关系）5.Doing作宾补（动宾、介宾(jièbīn)）It’swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.Theguestsleftthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.havesb.dosb./sth.doingsth.Donegetsb.todo.sb./sth.doing使….开始(kāishǐ)行动起来.sth.doneIwillhaveTomleadyoutoyourhouseIwillgetTomtoleadyoutoyourhouseTomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.Igetmyhaircut6.分词作状语(zhuàngyǔ):时间状语(zhuàngyǔ),原因,条件,让步结果,方式,伴随doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendoneHearingthenews(setoff)Beingtootired(join)Usingyourhead(find)Drivingtoofast(damage)Laughingandtalking(gointo)Havingclosedthedoor(leave)Nothavingcompletedthetask(havetostay)Findinggercarstolen(askforhelp)语态时态V-ing作状语的用法V-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示(biǎoshì)时间，原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随动作等。Beingpoor,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Seeingnobodyathome,heleftthemanote.Notknowinghistelephonenumber,Icouldn’tgetintouchwithhim.Hecamerunning.Shestoodwaitingforabus.Hesattherereadingabook.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.Theyfired,killingmanypeopleinthestreet.Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.注意(zhùyì)：3.当v-ing形式(xíngshì)被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：havingbeendoneHavingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.4.v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句(zhǔjù)的主语是一致的。6.垂悬分词(fēncí)generallyspeaking;franklyspeaking;judgingfrom/by;talkingof(谈到);considering(考虑到,因为是);supposing/suppose….(假定,假设)Given(鉴于..),provided/providing…(倘若...,在...条件下)6.固定(gùdìng)结构：Judgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeveryrich.Generallyspeaking,hisanswerisright.Consideringeverything,theydidagoodjob.Isitthere,lookingoutofthewindowsHearingthenews,they