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LessionOneIntroductiontoBiology绪论内容MaincontentsWhatareorganisms?Inbiology,anorganismisanylivingthing(suchasanimal,plant,fungus,ormicroorganism).manydifferentorganiems，butcapableofmetablism,Reproduction,responsetostimulus,growthanddevelopment,andmaintenanceofhomeostasisasastablewhole,andsoon.Fig.1TheseE.colicellsprovideanexampleofaprokaryoticmicroorganismFig.3Plantsonarockypeak1.Thesignificanceofbiology2.ThescienceofBiology2.2Biologyisdividedintomanyspecialareasbecauseofmanylivingthingsanddifferentlevels:(1)应用生物学practicalbiology—medicine,cropscience,plantbreeding,biotechnologyandsoon.(2)理论生物学theoreticalbiology—microbiologicalphysiology,photosyntheticbiochemistry,genomics,bioinformatics.3.Thecharacteristicsoflivingthings1.Metabolicprocesses--metablism8ThreeessentialaspectsofMetabolism(1)摄取Ingestion:nutrientuptake(2)消化Digestion:thebreakingdownandabsorptionofnutrients(food)(3)废物排放wasteelimination:①Respiration:theexchangesofgasesinthebody②Excretion:theremovalofbodilywaste③heatenergy2.Reproduction生殖LivingthingsmakemorenewlivingthingsReproductionisthebiologicalprocessbywhichnewindividualorganismsareproduced.Twomaintypesasexualreproduction无性生殖sexualreproduction有性生殖Asexualreproductionisthebiologicalprocessbywhichasingleparentproducesoffspringsthatisidenticaltotheparent.Example:Earthworm蚯蚓Amoeba变形虫SexualreproductionisabiologicalprocessbywhichtwoparentsfromoppositessexeseachcontributessexcellstoproduceoffspringsthatwillsharecharacteristicsofbothparentsExamples:Animals,FlowersThesegroomslookverysmart.新郎长得很帅3.ResponsiveprocessesLivingthingsadjusttotheirsurroundingsorenvironment,whichincludesthefollowing:theair,water,weather,temperatureandotherorganismsalongwithmanyotherfactors.Responsiveprocessesorganizedinto3typesirritability应激反应individualadaptation个体适应evolution生物进化Canyouthinkofsomeexamples?(1)Irritability:anindividual’sabilitytorecognizeandrapidlyrespondtoastimulus--needingspecialorganssuchasvision,hearing,thetactilesense,sme
