句子一：Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,/andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeen/hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是并列句theydonotcompensatefor...,andthusdonottell...2)howable是表语前置，正常语序是：anunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhowable3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances等于Ifhehadgrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances第三、词的处理：hey指示代词，测试compensatefor弥补grosssocialinequality明显的社会不公andthus因此ell说明underprivileged贫困的、物质条件差的undermorefavorablecircumstances在较好的环境下参考译文：例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。句子二：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformance/dependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdom/withwhichitisinterpreted.第二、句子主干结构是：1)Howwell...引导的被动结构是主语从句，Howwell是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语2)depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...andon...3)theinformationused是名词+过去分词作定语4)withwhichitisinterpreted定语从句，先行词是theskillandwisdom，代词it指代theinformation第三、词的处理：bevalidatedby为……所证实dependsupon取决于reliability可靠性appropriateness适应性interpreted解释参考译文：这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。句子三：Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituation/depends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidity/anduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.第二、句子主干结构是：Whethertouse...,orboth...引导主语从句，depends