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「英语国家社会与文化」期末考试要点PartIBlankFilling(每小题1分，共35分)Britainisaconstitutionalmonarchytheheadofstate--QueenelizabethIItheheadofgovernment--primeministerTheofficialnameofUK--UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandnorthernIrelandThedefensivefortificationinnorthernEnglandbuiltfromAD122--Hadrian'sWallTheflagoftheunitedkingdom--UnionJack,RedCrossofSaintpatrick-IrelandTheCrossofsaintGeorge-EnglandTheCrossofsaintAndrew-ScotlandBritishcivilwars(1455-1485)--WarsoftheRosesTheUnitedStatesofAmericanisafederalconstitutionalrepublic,thecapitaldistrict--Washington,D.C.states--50个（除AlaskaState和HawaiiState之外的48个在本土）ThefistpermanentsettlementinnorthAmerica--Jamestwon（English1607）Thenationalgovernmentafterthewarofindependencewaswon--theUnitedStatesConstitutionwasratifiedin1788，thenewrepublic’sfirstSenate,HouseofRepresentatives,andpresident--GeorgeWashington--tookofficein1789.In1492，thediscoveryofColumbus--In1942，ChristopherColumbus,undercontracttotheSpanishCrown,reached“LaFlorida”Mayflower--thePilgrimshipthatin1620madethehistoricvoyagefromEnglandtotheNewWorld.MayflowermasterChristopherJonesIn1063，MartinLutherKingforcivilrightsBritishfavoritepublicsport--footballRugbyschoolisoneoftheoldestindependentschoolsinBritain--rugbyOXBRIDGE--theUniversityofOxfordandtheUniversityofCambridgeOnDecember7，1941，Japaneseattackedonpearlharbor,whichledthepacificwarbrokeout.TheUnitedStatesenteredthewarformally,andisolationismvanishedovernightSymbolsoftheAmericanTwopartiesaretheelephantanddonkey,whichrepresentstheRepublicanandtheDemocraticPartybride新娘groom新郎bridesmaid伴娘thebestman伴郎bride’sfather新娘的爸爸priest神职人员（男）Inthe1980s,whentheconservativepartyunderMargaretThatcherwasinpower,andextensiveprogramofprivatizationwascarriedout.AdamSmiththewealthofnationsNewYorkStockExchange(NYSE)onWallStreetDetroit--motorcitySanFrancisco--thecenteroftechnologydevelopmentLosAngeles--takesleadinthecountry’sfilmandtelevisionindustriesHollywood--thecapitalofmotionpicturesintheworldBoston--thecity
