大连交通大学,软件工程期末考试,大题(第一套)-学文库

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软件工程大题总结一、三个重要的生命周期模型及各自的优缺点1.瀑布模型生命周期模型（Waterfalllife-cyclemodel）Advantage:DisciplinedapproachDocumentdrivenDisadvantage:Deliveredproductmaynotmeetclient’sneeds2.快速原型生命周期模型（Rapidprototypinglife-cycalmodel）Advantage:Ensurethatthedeliveredproductmeetstheclient’sneedsDisadvantage:Notyetprovenbeyondalldoubt3.螺旋模型生命周期模型（Spirallife-cyclemodel）1Advantage:RiskdrivenDisadvantage:Canbeusedforonlylarge-scale,in-houseproductsDevelopershavetobecompetentinriskanalysisandriskresolution二、用例图和类图例1.ATM机用例图及类图Consideranautomatedtellermachine(ATM).Theuserputsacardintoaslotandentersafour-digitpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN).IfthePINisincorrect,thecardisejected.Otherwise,theusermayperformthefollowingoperationsonuptofourdifferentbankaccounts:(i)Depositanyamount.Areceiptisprintedshowingthedate,amountdeposited,andaccountnumber.(ii)Withdrawupto$200inunitsof$20(theaccountmaynotbeoverdrawn).Inadditiontothemoney,theuserisgivenareceiptshowingthedate,amountwithdrawn,accountnumber,andaccountbalance(余额)afterthewithdrawal.(iii)Determinetheaccountbalance。Thisisdisplayedonthescreen.(iv)Tranferfundsbetweentwoaccounts.Again,theaccountfromwhichthefundsaretransferredmustnotbeoverdrawn.Theuserisgivenareceiptshowingthedate,amounttransferred,andthetwoaccountnumbers.(v)Quit.Thecardisejected.Explainhowyouwouldensurethatasmanycodeartifactsaspossibletheproductcanbereusedinfutureproducts.(1)DrawtheUseCaseDiagram2(2)DrawtheClassDiagram(threerefinements)1)Thefirsrefinements,wefindthreeclasswhichareuser,ATMandaccount.2)Thesecondrefinements,wefindthatusern’tchangedoeswhilethesystemisoperating.33)Inthethirdrefinement,wefindthatATMalso’tchangedoesnwhilethesystemisoperating.SocatalogisinformationthatrelatestoAccounts.ThisleavesAccountasthesolecandidateclass.例2.电梯用例图及类图Aproductistobeinstalledtocontrolnelevatorsinabuildingwithmfloors.Theproblemconcernthelogicrequiredtomoveelevatorsbetweenfloorsaccordingtothefollowingconstrains:1)Eachelevatorhasaofsetm