Theoldestandmostcommonmachinetoolisthelathe,whichremovesmaterialbyrotatingtheworkpieceagainstasingle-pointcutter.Lathesusedinmanufacturingcanbeclassifiedasspeedlathes,enginelathes,toolroomlathes,turretlathes,automaticlathes,tracerlathesandnumericalcontrolturningcenters.最古老和最常见的机床是车床,它将删除由旋转工件材料对单点刀。车床用于生产可分为速度车床,引擎车床,车床,六角车床工具室、自动车床、示踪车床和数控车削中心。Enginelathe.Theenginelatheissonamedbecauseitwasoriginallypoweredbythesteam"engine"oftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturywherethelatheisconnectedtopulleypowerfromoverheadlineshaftsorconnecteddirectlytothesteamengine.Todaylathesareequippedwithelectricmotors.Althoughsimpleandversatile,anenginelatherepuiresaskilledmachinistbecauseallcontrolsaremanipulatedbyhand.Consequently,itisinefficientforrepetitiveoperrationsandforlargeproductionruns.普通车床。引擎车床是如此命名是因为它最初是由蒸汽驱动的“引擎”的十八和十九世纪的车床与皮带轮权力从架空管道竖井或直接连接到蒸汽引擎。今天车床配备电动汽车。虽然简单,多才多艺,一个引擎车床规定一个熟练的机械师,因为所有的控件都是手工操作。因此,它是低效的重复operrations和大型生产运行。Theessentialcomponentsofanenginelathe(Figure5-1-1)arethebed,headstockassembly,tailstockassembly,carriageassembly,quick-changegearbox,andtheleadsorewandfeedrod.必要的组件的一个引擎车床(图5-1-1)是床,主轴承装配,装配,装配,尾座马车容易改变主意的变速箱,也领先螺钉和光杆。Thebedsupportsallthemajorcomponentsofthelathe.Bedshavealargemassandarerigidlybuilt,usuallyfromgreyornodularcastiron.Thetopportionofthebedhastwoways,withvariouscross-sections,thataresurface-hardenedandprecision-machinedforwearresistanceanddimensionalaccuracyduringuse.床上支持所有主要的组件的车床。床上有一个大质量和是严格建立,通常从灰色或球墨铸铁。床的上部有两个方面,与不同的横截面,那是表面硬化和精密加工,耐磨性和尺寸精度在使用。Theheadstockisfixedtothebedandisequippedwithmotors,pulleysandV-beltsthatsupplypowertothespindleatvariousrotationalspeeds.Thespeeds,whicharearrangedinlogicalgeometricprogression,canbesetthroughmanually-controlledselectors.Mostheadstocksareequippedwithasetofgears,andsomehanvevariousdrivestoprovideacontinuouslyvariablespeedrangetothespindle.headstockshaveahollowspindletowhichworkholdingdevices,suchaschucksandcollets,areattached,andlongbarsortubingcanbefedthroughforvariousturningoperations,Thea