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美国文学选读【完整版】(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修订后使用,可编辑放心下载）Unit1BenjaminFranklinAmericanLiteratureLectureOneIntroductionAmericanliteratureAmericanliteraturemainlyreferstoliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbythepeoplelivingintheUnitedStates.HistoricalBackgroundWhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanearlyhistory?1.Earlyhistory:1)In1492,ChristopherColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean.3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland〞.HistoricalBackground2.People:nativeinhabitants:IndiansImmigrantsmostlyfromEurope:Spanish;Dutch;FrenchEnglishimmigrants,Jamestown,Virginia,1607Puritansagroupofreligiouspeopleadvocatedreligious&moralprinciplesBriefOutlineofAmericanLiterature1.ColonialperiodandRevolutionaryperiod2.Romanticism3.TheageofRealism4.TheModernperiod5.AftertheWWIIColonialperiodandRevolutionaryperiodTime:1607--1783thesettlementofNorthAmerica--theIndependenceWarMajortopic:AmericanPuritanismIntroductionTherewerenowrittenliteratureamongthemorethan500differentIndianlanguagesandtribalcultures，AmericanwritingbeganwiththeworkofEnglishadventurersandcolonistsintheNewWorldchieflyforthebenefitofreadersinthemothercountry.Thereforethewritinginthisperiodwasessentiallytwokinds:〔1〕practicalmatter-of-factaccountsoffarming,hunting,travel,etc.designedtoinformpeople“athome〞whatlifewaslikeinthenewworld,and,often,toinducetheirimmigration;(2)highlytheoretical,generallypolemical(好辩的〕,discussionsofreligiousquestions.RomanticismTime:1783—1861theIndependenceWar--theCivilWarRomanticism(1783-1865)WashingtonIrvingJamesFenimoreCooperSummitofRomanticism-Transcendentalism(AmericanRenaissance)RalphWaldoEmersonFillipThoreauLateRomanticismNathanielHawthorneHermanMelvillenotoptimisticRomanticPoetsWaltWhitmanEmilyDickensonEdgarAllenPoe：themostcontroversial&themostmisunderstoodTheageofRealismTime:1865--1918theCivilWar--theFirstWorldWarconcernforthecommon-placeofferanobjectiveviewTheAgeofRealism(1865-1918)MarkTwainHenryJamesN
