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PAGEPAGE-4-被动语态构成:be+及物动词的过去分词1)am/is/are+done一般现在时Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2)has/havebeendone现在完成时Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.4)was/weredone一般过去时IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)hadbeendone过去完成时Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7)shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone;beabouttobedone;betobetodone一般将来时Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8)should/wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone;was/wereabouttobedone;was/weretobetodone过去将来时Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.10)should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.用法双宾动词的被动语态有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.复合宾语的被动语态当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.使役动词和感官动词的被动在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.关于动词词组有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词/副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.非谓语动词的被动语态动名词形式及不定式也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetterto