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JMusculoskeletNeuronalInteract2008;8(3):204-216OriginalArticleHylonomeOsteoclastogenesis-CurrentknowledgeandfutureperspectivesM.P.YavropoulouandJ.G.YovosAristotleUniversityofThessaloniki,AHEPAUniversityHospital,GreeceAbstractThestrengthandintegrityofthehumanskeletondependsonadelicateequilibriumbetweenboneresorptionbyosteoclastsandboneformationbyosteoblasts.Thisequilibriumiscontinuouslycompromisedbyavarietyofgenetic,humoral,andmechanicalalterations.Inosteoporosis,thisbalanceshiftsinfavorofosteoclasts,andboneresorptionexceedsboneformation.Moredetailedknowledgeofthebiologyofosteoclastsandosteoclastogenesishasshownthattheinvolvedprocedurescanprovideopportunitiesfordevelopingtherapeuticagents.Osteoclastogenesisisamulti-complexprocedurethatincludesmanystages,andeachoneofthempresentsasapotentialtargetfortherapeuticintervention,exceptforthestageofcommitmentofpre-osteoclasts,atleastforthetimebeing.Becausetheosteoclastisderivedfromthepluripotenthematopoieticstemcell,anyinterventioninthisstagecouldresultinseriousadverseeffectsfromthehematopoieticsystem.Onthecontrary,interventioninthelaterstagesofdifferentiation,multi-nucleation,andactivation,hasprovedtobeverypromisinginthedevelopmentofnovelpotentanti-resorptiveagents.Inthepresentreviewwesummarizedthecurrentknowledgerelatedtoosteoclastdifferentiationandthenewdevelopingtargetsofphar-macologicalinterventionineachstageofthisextremelycomplicatedandnotcompletelyelucidatedprocess.Keywords:Osteoclasts,Osteoporosis,Treatment,Differentiation,CommitmentIntroductionsecretorycellandcanproducecytokines,whichstimulateorinhibititsownactivity.Finally,othercellsinthebonemarrowAshumanslivelonger,degenerativeskeletaldiseases,suchmicroenvironment,likeTandBlymphocytes,marrowstromalasosteoporosis,becomeincreasinglyprevalent.Regardlessofcells,osteoblastsandosteocytes,caninfluenceosteoclastdif-cause,osteoporosisreflectsarelativepreponderanceofosteo-ferentiation.Thepresentreviewisfocusedonthecurrentclastactivity.Theoste
