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编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第PAGE7页共NUMPAGES7页第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT7页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT7页BC1750TheSumeriansbrewbeer.500TheChineseusemoldysoybeancurdsasanantibiotictotreatboils.250TheGreekspracticecroprotationtomaximizesoilfertility.100PowderedchrysanthemumisusedinChinaasaninsecticide.AD:Beforethe20thCentury1590ThemicroscopeisinventedbyJanssen.1663CellsarefirstdescribedbyHooke.1675Leeuwenhoekdiscoversprotozoaandbacteria.1797Jennerinoculatesachildwithaviralvaccinetoprotecthimfromsmallpox.1802Theword"biology"firstappears.1824Dutrochetdiscoversthattissueiscomposedoflivingcells.1830Proteinsarediscovered.1833Thecellnucleusisdiscovered.Thefirstenzymesareisolated.1855TheEscherichiacolibacteriumisdiscovered.Itlaterbecomesamajorresearch,development,andproductiontoolforbiotechnology.Pasteurbeginsworkingwithyeast,eventuallyprovingtheyarelivingorganisms.1863Mendel,inhisstudyofpeas,discoversthattraitsweretransmittedfromparentstoprogenybydiscrete,independentunits,latercalledgenes.Hisobservationslaythegroundworkforthefieldofgenetics.1869MiescherdiscoversDNAinthespermoftrout.1877AtechniqueforstainingandidentifyingbacteriaisdevelopedbyKoch.1878ThefirstcentrifugeisdevelopedbyLaval.Theterm"microbe"isfirstused.1879Flemmingdiscoverschromatin,therod-likestructuresinsidethecellnucleusthatlatercometobecalled"chromosomes."1883Thefirstrabiesvaccineisdeveloped.1888ThechromosomeisdiscoveredbyWaldyer.AD:FirstHalfofthe20thCentury1902Theterm"immunology"firstappears.1906Theterm"genetics"isintroduced.1907Thefirstinvivocultureofanimalcellsisreported.1909Genesarelinkedwithhereditarydisorders.1911Thefirstcancer-causingvirusisdiscoveredbyRous.1914BacteriaareusedtotreatsewageforthefirsttimeinManchester,England.1915Phages,orbacterialviruses,arediscovered.1919Theword"biotechnology"isfirstusedbyaHungarianagriculturalengineer.1920ThehumangrowthhormoneisdiscoveredbyEvansandLong.1927MullerdiscoversthatX-rayscausemutation.1928Flemingdiscoverspenicillin,
