PAGE司法实践中对证明责任理解与适用的误区与矫正摘要:证明责任，又称为举证责任，是民事诉讼法研究的前沿问题，被认为是民事诉讼的脊梁。证明责任主要研究的是当事实真伪不明时法官如何裁判的问题。证明责任的分配决定着当案件事实真伪不明时，由何方当事人承担败诉风险，由此并最终影响其实体利益。但在司法审判实践中，对证明责任的理解仅仅停留在“提供证据责任”的层面上，且相关的法律和司法解释对证明责任及其分配未有详尽具体的规定，往往会形成非常矛盾的判决。本文力求通过对国内外相关证明责任理论和我国现行法律及司法解释的研究，从而提出具有可操作性的证明责任规则，完善我国的证明责任体系。关键词:民事诉讼；证明责任；司法裁判Abstracttheburdenofproof,alsoknownastheburdenofproofinthecivilprocedurelaw,isthefrontierresearch,isconsideredtobethebackboneofthecivillitigation.Theburdenofproofisthemajorresearchwhenjudgeswhentruthisnotclearhowthereferee'sproblem.Thedistributionofburdenofproofisdecidingwhenthecasewhentruthisnotclear,byanypartytotaketheriskoflosingalawsuit,andultimatelyaffecttheintereststherefrom.Butinthejudicialpractice,theburdenofproofunderstandingonlystayinthe"burdenofproducingevidence"level,andrelevantlawsandjudicialinterpretationsoftheburdenofproofanditsallocationnotdetailedandspecific,oftencanformverycontradictoryjudgments.ThisarticlethroughtothedomesticandforeignrelevantproofresponsibilitytheoryandChina'scurrentlegalandjudicialinterpretationoftheresearch,thusputforwardthefeasibleproofrules,perfectingtheburdenofproofsystem.Keywords:civillitigation;burdenofproof;judicialjudgment目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099195"一、证明责任的概念及证明责任分配学说PAGEREF_Toc320099195\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099196"(一)证明责任的概念PAGEREF_Toc320099196\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099197"（二）证明责任分配理论的学说及评论PAGEREF_Toc320099197\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099198"二、我国民事证明责任制度及其存在的问题PAGEREF_Toc320099198\h3HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099199"（一）我国未真正建立起现代证明责任的法学理念PAGEREF_Toc320099199\h3HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099200"（二）举证责任代替证明责任，两者概念不分，混为一谈PAGEREF_Toc320099200\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099201"（三）证明责任分配不合理，形同虚设，难予操作PAGEREF_Toc320099201\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099202"（四）我国证明责任正置与倒置概念不清PAGEREF_Toc320099202\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099203"三、构建和完善我国民事证明责任分配制度PAGEREF_Toc320099203\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc320099204"（一）正确理解我国民事诉讼中证明责任的含义PAGEREF_Toc320099204\h4HY