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会计学Section1BriefAccountⅠ生理学－－医学(yīxué)植物(zhíwù)生理学动物生理学人体生理学细胞生理学系统生理学心脏生理学神经生理学内分泌生理学呼吸(hūxī)生理学肾脏生理学生理学(Physiology)医学(Medine)Physiologyistheprimarybasicmedicalscience.Itisessentialtopharmacology,thestudyoftheeffectsofdrugsonphysiologicprocesses.Mostofmedicineitselfispathophysiology.Wehopethateachstudentwillrealizethatthestudyofphysiologyshouldcontinuethroughouthisorhercareer.Besidesphysiology,thebasicmedicalsciencesincludebiology,embryology,genetics,anatomy,histology,biochemistry,pathophysiology,pathology,microbiology,immunology,etc.Althoughtaughtseparatelyasdifferentcourses,thesebranchesofbasicmedicalsciencesarecloselyinter-relatedinseparable,formingasolidscientificbasisforpracticeofmedicine.WilliamHarveyisfamousforhavingaccuratelydescribedhowbloodcirculatesaroundthebody.In1615Harveybegantoworkontheideathatbloodcirculatedaroundthebody.Heexperimentedonliveanimalsanddissectedthebodiesofexecutedcriminals.Heprovedthattheheartwasapumpthatforcedbloodaroundthebodythrougharteries.Veinsthenreturnedthebloodtotheheartwhereitwasrecycled.In1628,Harveypublisheddetailsofhisworkinhisbook'AnAnatomicalDisquisitionontheMovementoftheHeartandBlood.'Physiologyisthesciencewhichisaboutliving.Medicineisthesciencewhichisaboutdisease.Sofromthispointofview,thephysiologyismorecommonthanthemedicine.生理学Physiology概念：研究生物机体的生命活动（功能）及其规律的科学(kēxué)。主要内容：一切与生命有关的郑成功能活动及其这些活动的调节问题。功能function调节regulation人体(réntǐ)生理学HumanPhysiology生命(shēngmìng)（living）活流感病毒InfluenzaVirusⅡ生命(shēngmìng)的基本特征2.excitability：兴奋(xīngfèn)抑制3.Reproduction：生殖(shēngzhí)活动Section2InternalenvironmentandhomeostasisAstableinternalenvironmentisessentialfornormalcellfunctionNervousregulationHumoralregulationAutoregulationReflex:biologicalcontrolsystemlinkingstimuluswithresponseandmediatedbyareflexarc.Reflexarc/SpinalreflexBaroreceptorcontrolofarterialpressure(baroreflex)Paracrine:chemicalmessengerthatexertsitseffectsontissuesnearitssecretionsite.Neurosecretion:chemicalmessengerreleas
