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术语解释（美国文学简史）AmericanPuritanismBackgrounding:AmericanPuritanismappearedinthecolonialperiod,from1607to1775,inAmerica.Representatives:Therearemanywritersinthisperiod,suchasCaptainJohnSmith,theauthoroftheTrueRelationofVirginia(1608)andDescriptionofNewEngland(1616),AnneBradstreet,whowrotethefamousworkcalledTenthMuseLatelySprungupinAmerica(1650).Mainideas:Theystresspredestination,originalsin,totaldepravity,andlimitedatonementfromGod’sgrace.TheygotoAmericatoprovethattheyareGod’schosenpeoplewhowillenjoyGod’sblessingsonearthandinHeaven.Finally,theybuildawayoflifethatstresseshardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety.Influences:AmericanLiteratureisbasedonamyth------theBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.TheAmericanPuritan’smetaphoricalmadeofperception----symbolism.IthasagreatinfluencenotonlyontheLiterarySceneinColonialAmerica,,butalsoontheliteratureinthe18thcentury,especiallyonJonathanEdwardsandBenjaminFranklin.AmericanRomanticismBackgrounding:Itappearedintheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar,from1828to1865,anditwasstronglyinfluencedbyEuropeanculture.Representative:TherearesomerepresentativenewEnglandpoetsandout-sandingwriterssuchas,JamesFenimaoreCooper,theauthorofTheLeatherStockingTales,WashingtonIrving,whosefamousworkisTheSketchBook(1819).Mainideas:Romanticismisarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism..Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsaremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizeindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup,againstauthority.Influence:Itproducesafeelingof“Newness”whichinspirestheromanticimagination.TranscendentalismsBackgrounding:TranscendtalismflourishedintheNewEnglandfromabout1836to1860.RalphWaldoEmersonpublished‘Nature’in1836whichrepresentedanewwayofintellectualthinkinginAmerica.Representatives:Therearetworepresentativewriters,namelyRalphWaldoEmerson(1803----1882),whosefamousworkcalledNature,HenryDavidThoreau(1817----1862),theauthorofWalden..Mainideas:Believepeoplecanlearnthingsbothfromtheoutsidewor
